Liberia #25

Liberia #25           Sabbath morning.  I sleep in a little bit, then get up to go make rounds.  It takes me a while but I round on the 36 patients.  When I’m nearly finished, “doc, der two pasunt outsite.”  Ok, I will see them in a few minutes, when I’m done seeing the last two. “I bring tem insite?”  No I will see them outside. I finish seeing the last two and writing their progress notes.

First there is a little girl.  She can barely stand, but for a few seconds.  She is about 6 and very weak.  I hear that she vomited once about 3 days ago, and has had a fever for a week.  I look in her eyes and they are pale.  I feel her belly, she squirms a little and needs to lay down.  Her liver is large as well as her spleen.  She has likely had malaria for quite a while or repeated episodes of malaria.  As the malaria parasites burst red blood cells, the spleen is the organ to filter the broken blood cells out of the blood stream, this can happen in sickle cell disease too.  So I admit her and start treatment.  Whenever the lab technician is available I will have them check for malaria and the blood count.

I look for the next woman in a car, and the car has already left.

I go change and walk to church.  The singing of the choir is with harmony and mostly songs I know, so it is very nice.  The sermon was well amplified and almost hurting my ears at times.  The church air conditioner quit about 15 minutes after I arrived, so it got quite hot very shortly, and they eventually opened all the windows.  After church I returned to the hospital to quite an uproar.

What happens when two people die, the burial team takes one of the bodies, and the family of that body, takes the other body that remains?  A huge mess, which should never have happened in the first place.  We have been instructed by the minister of health to notify the burial team of all deaths in the hospital so that the burial team can bury them with appropriate precautions.  This has caused quite a problem for us.  A few months ago they were cremating all the bodies, now they will bury them in a cemetery with the family present.  I guess the burial team came last evening and took one dead patient.  The family of that patient arrived early this morning and with the help of the security guards and a couple workers took the body they thought was their family member and drove away.  It was not their family member.  So the second family shows up to request their family members body, and there is no body to be had.  This generates many phone calls and a flurry of anger, and eventually the previous family is on the way back with the other families dead relative.  There was much hubbub as two families and one body were present.  I asked to speak with the oldest guy of the first family and asked the second family to please depart and go outside.  They complied.  As in most cultures, it seems the older people are more likely to be reasoned with than the young men and women.  I explained to them that their family member that had died in the hospital had already been taken by the burial team and that we needed to unload the body they had into our morgue.  After much discussion about them not ever being told that the burial team was called, they eventually allowed us to remove the body out of the car and into the morgue.  So three workers fully gowned up in PPE and took the body bag on a cot to the morgue.  They were unhappy that they spent a lot of money to transport a body that wasn’t their own away from the hospital then back again.  So I told them to come back Monday and we would discuss it further after more details and when the administration was present.  They got a call that the burial team was about to bury their relative, so they eventually left.

I called the daughter and the eldest male member of the other family in to verify that the woman present was their relative.  We unzipped the white body bag and they confirmed that it was their relative.  I re-called the burial team with them present.  They begged for us to let them have the body and let them go embalm and bury it.  I reconfirm with Dr. Seton if this can be done, and it cannot, per the minister of health.  So I recalled in the two people, out of the group, and inform them.  They cry and go out.  The metal gate at the door of the hospital is immediately flooded with many people, shouting and yelling and very angry.  Fortunately there is “security” and a gate.  Otherwise there could be much more problems.  Security has no weapons, but at least have a uniform.  One of the nurses, Odi, is very good at talking at high volume.  She talks and talks to them through the gate.  I am called back tot the gate to go outside to see a patient that just arrived in an ambulance.  With the crowd at the door, I consider that it may be unsafe to venture outside.  Crowds are more likely to do stupid things, than individuals.  So I wait by the inside.  The ambulance realizes that I’m not coming out, so they come up and ask for the referral paper back, and head out to a different hospital.  After about 45 minutes the crowd dissipates to go call the police.  I do not think they will get anywhere with the police, but likely loose more money in pocket change.  The previous family wants to see me Monday to discuss their lost money.  So it won’t be over yet.  Plus the burial team still needs to come and get the remaining body bag.

Eventually they come, and with much more commotion and arguing, they eventually leave with the body.

“Doc kam outsite, der a pashunt in de ca.”  I walk out, around the corner, and up the stairs to the ground level and out the front of the hospital.  I see that the crowd that was there earlier has dissipated.  I go out and see a 34 year old guy in the back seat.  They say he has had a fever for two days, doesn’t want to eat and is weak.  He denies headache, vomiting, diarrhea, difficulty swallowing.  He looks a little weak and I ask if he has passed out.  They deny this.  I look at his eyes and they are normal.  I decide he likely has malaria or typhoid and decide to admit him.  As he walks into the hospital he is weak and squats in the lobby.  I am sitting there writing orders, when the nurse says he is bleeding from his mouth and moves away from him in fear.  He says he had a sore tooth and put aspirin in it, and that is why he is bleeding.  I ask him to open his mouth, and stick out his tongue.  He has a laceration on either side.  It is deep but not something I would need to suture closed.  He still denies, and says it was the aspirin.  I don’t believe this at all so I wonder what else he isn’t telling me.  I tell him to go back to the car, and I will treat him as an outpatient, with oral medicine.  They resist, and the patient starts arguing with me (obviously better off than he was purporting to be), so with more forcefulness I tell them to get out to the car.  They comply.  I continue writing, outpatient medicines now.  The mother comes back in to tell the real story hoping I will change my mind.  She says that he was walking from the beach when he had a convulsion and bit his tongue.  Now that looks like what happened, based on the way his tongue looked like.  I continue writing for oral meds to treat him, and as I  do they get in their car and drive away.  A person outside, heard as they left, that they had already been to a number of hospitals and were turned away.  I think it is unfortunate that people need to falsify symptoms to get what they want.  It happens in the US too, for people trying to get pain medicines.  Here it is to try and get admitted.  But had they been up front with me, the laceration of the tongue would have matched the story, and I would not be hesitant, not knowing what else he wasn’t telling me.

Liberia #24

Liberia #24

A few days left in here than home to my wife!  For the past
few days
we?ve been running at capacity, about 36 beds.  We had a bed or two
for pregnant patients, and a couple for children.  The child?s beds
are not full length so adults cannot use them.  The private,
semi-private, common rooms are full.  Yesterday I admitted about 3
stroke/hypertensive patients.

Yesterday afternoon: ?Doc, dis man hurtin!?  Where?  ?His stomak
be hurtin.?  How long? ?Since dis morning? Does the hurting come
and go, or is it constant?  ?It hurtin!?  No, is the pain, strong
then small, strong then small? ?it be hurtin strong!?  Eventually I
decide it is a constant pain that hasn?t let up since it woke him up
this morning at 2 AM. He points to his right lower abdomen.  So kidney,
bladder, appendix, colon, typhoid are all within possibility.  I palpate
his abdomen and he is quite tender in the exact spot where I would
expect the appendix to be.  But to be sure I ordered a CT scan, got a
CBC to check his white blood cell count, and verified his kidney
function numbers.  NOT! We cant do any of those, so I ask some more
questions, decide that appendicitis is at the top of my list, and tell
him that we need to operate to take out his appendix.  I tell him that
if I am wrong I will fix whatever is the problem and take out the
appendix anyway, so that next time he has right lower quadrant pain, it
is not appendicitis.  Later when the operating room team is ready we
start.  I cut the skin with a scalpel over the area of pain.  Blood
starts oozing out.  The cautery cord will not work, so I put little
clamps on all the bleeding areas and continue in.  At the muscle layers
I spread them apart rather than cutting them.  Once in the belly, I feel
around for the typical firm feel of the appendix that is inflamed.  I do
not feel it.  So I find the base of the colon and follow it.  I free it
up from the abdominal wall and then find the appendix running up behind
the colon.  Slowly I free it up.  It is very long and has early signs
inflammation.  It seems to go all the way up to the liver, and from the
incision I?ve made is quite difficult to get high enough.  After
struggling for some time and extending my incision, I eventually get it
out.   I close up the different layers, irrigating with saline a number
of times, to minimize the chances of a wound infection.

Today I started with rounds after the morning devotional.  The
old woman
with and infected foot, who had debridement, is doing better day by day.
The woman with the breast cancer is doing well, and wants to go home.
The 9 guys who were from the industrial accident, with burns and body
aches are all doing well.  An old man who came in, in a coma, is doing
well.  His hypertension and diabetes under control now.  The patient
that we did a hernia repair on a few days ago, is ready to go home.  The
appendectomy patient from the last paragraph is going great, and has no
pain.  Really, I cut you open and you have no pain?  He says he did this
morning a little, and it is gone now.  Some people are very tough with
regards to pain.  The younger guy next to him with diabetes, high blood
pressure and chest pain, feels good today and wants to go home. I
reiterate for the 3rd time that he has to take his medicines for the
rest of his life and he should never stop.  That he is at risk for
stroke, heart attack, kidney, eye, and vascular problems.  He again says
he understands.  Two old men in another room, both with strokes.  One
seems to be improving the other one now comatosed, he will likely not
make it through the day.

I go and do some dressing changes, which Dr. Seton has not
completed
yet, they are looking better each day.

I see a patient with HIV in clinic that we treated for a bad lung
infection, and she is doing great.  I decide to go find Dr. Seton, and
show her the patient as an encouragement.  The nurses say that she is in
E2- a private room.  So I saunter down there.  As I walk in, I see
nurses opening packages, a tank of oxygen standing in the middle of the
room.  Dr. Seton doing chest compressions on an old woman on the floor.
I ask if she wants help and she does.  I open the bag mask that the
nurses can?t figure out how to assemble and start bagging the patient.
We hear a couple ribs break (fairly common when doing adequate chest
compressions on old people).  With time she regains a hart rhythm and
respirations.  She was moved to the floor so that she was on a hard
surface for the chest compressions.  We lift her and place her back in
bed.  she has an oxygen mask on and an oral airway in place.  We do not
know whether her brain has survived the lack of oxygen.  We decide that
if her heart stops again we will not do any more compressions.  She has
been running in and out of a fast heart rhythm about 160.  And we have
no medicine to treat this, nor and EKG to determine what exact rhythm it
is.  I later come back to the floor, as Dr. Seton is filling out the
death certificate.  That patient died.

Later on I am called to come quickly.  This usually means
someone died.
So I go to the floor.  There is another old woman who came in with a
stroke and her consciousness has been declining today.  Her tests show
she was HIV positive.  I decide that based on these findings we will not
do chest compressions as the chance of reviving her is zero.  I tell the
young woman at the bedside that I am sorry, and she starts wailing and
beating the wall.  Another of the 5 patients in the room, start crying
as well.

We have some really sick people, and not the best resources to
care for
them, so it isn?t surprising that many of the sickest ones die.
Though I feel we sometimes go to far in keeping people alive in the USA,
I am once again thankful to have been born in a third world country
where there is good health care.  If you are from Liberia, you have no
options outside this country and limited inside the country.  We, on the
other hand, can get in a plane, fly around the world, and see a doctor
in Europe, Mexico, or Philippines, to get our plastic surgery, eye
surgery, or whatever we want.  We are very blessed!  I hope you take a
minute and reflect on the many blessings you have, to live in the place
you do and have the things you have. You have many more things than 90%
of the inhabitants on our globe!

Liberia #23

Liberia #23

So what kind of work are you applying for? I ask.  Is it manual work or a desk job?  “It is both manual and desk werk” What will you do?  Oxfam, do community education and I will help wiff dat.  And I will haf workers working for me and desk werk.”  From yesterday when I saw 4 people needing history and physicals filled out by a physician, the word must have gotten around, and about 9 others came in today for a H&P.  Each one was essentially the same.  Guy and gals applying to get jobs at Oxfam and needing this paperwork filled out and sent in, so that they could have documentation that they were healthy enough to do the job.  I would think an employer would want to contract with one doctor to do all of theirs the way they wanted, but apparently not.  The ones that the PA had seen, got lab work with hemoglobin, blood type, syphilis, malaria, urinalysis, random glucose.  None based on any suspicion, but just because.   The ones I saw were rather healthy, by their own description and my physical exam, so I didn’t order these tests.  Later I was questioned by the administrator as to why I hadn’t ordered tests, guess it is the thing to do even though it wouldn’t change my recommendation or not for work.

“Doc, der tree emergency in de car”  Where? “Outsite” I am very frustrated, by then having spent all afternoon doing H&Ps.  People milling about outside are in an uproar, as they have been waiting in the sun all day to see the PA, who after working 7 hours is still on the 11th patient.  I don’t see how many numbers there are, but plenty of people milling about.  As soon as I walk out a mob of different people start pointing toward their car indicating I should see them first.  A mini verbal battle ensues.  Eventually I see the red car first and walk that way.  Another man is still not satisfied, said that I had seen them Monday and recommended surgery and now they are back and ready for it.  I realize that he is referring to the woman who had a gangrenous foot that I told needed an amputation THAT DAY, and they left because they didn’t want it.  So in my current, annoyed state, I tell him he will be last!  In the red car, there is a woman who has a history of hypertension who “fell off” yesterday afternoon.  This means she passed out, or became unconscious.  They said she had a headache for three days.  Hadn’t taken her antihypertensive meds for three days and has a cough as well.  I ask if the cough preceded the headache, no.  Does she cough by herself, or when you try to feed her or give her a drink?  With food or drink.   Before yesterday while unconscious or after that, like this morning?  Yesterday evening and this morning.  So they are trying to feed and give water to an unconscious person, and they are aspirating it- thus the cough!  I discuss the grim prognosis with them, and explain what we can do is supportive.  Place a nasogastric tube and get her blood pressure down, and see what happens.  They are content with that and want her in the hospital.

Before I see the next car, I am pulled back into the outpatient tent to see a chactetic woman who looks like she is almost dead sitting in a chair.  She is 34 and has been unconscious for 3 days.  Before that, she has had black stools for a month, and throat pain for a month, now cannot swallow her own spit.  I look at the labs.  She is HIV positive, and it seems since everyone has been interested in Ebola, that HIV meds are not being taken care of as before so the HIV patients are coming down with all the opportunistic infections that immunosupression can give rise to.  I suspect she has HIV related encephalitis causing her unconsciousness.  Her glucose is normal, so that’s not it.  Gillian says she’s not seen anyone survive with encephalitis here.  And considering the patients state, she will not last long either way.  I tell the family that whether I admit her or she goes home, either way she will likely die.  They decide to talk about it.  Later after hearing that they would have to pay a hospital bill, they decide to go home.  I’m relieved a little; I think she would die before making it up to the floor anyway.

I go to the second car.  Again the same other guy tries to pull me to his car first. I tell him he is last.  The other car has a heavy set old woman sprawled out on two peoples laps.  Story is similar to the first.  One day of headache then loss of consciousness.  History of hypertension and diabetes.  I ask the usual Ebola questions- all negative per the bystanders.  I put on gloves and reach in and look at her eyes, pale.  I rub hard on her sternal bone- she retracts up her arms, but doesn’t grab my hand.  Not a great sign.  I write admission orders for her as well, telling them the same grim prognosis.

I go and see the last car waiting.  It is the woman I saw 3 days ago with a huge hole at the base of her big toe and rotten tissue oozing out of the middle of her foot.  She is now taking very slow breaths, and is unconscious.  So now he brought her in, because she is dying, or nearly dead, now ready to do the amputation.  She appears to be in her last agonal breaths.  I tell him to go home, she is dying, and that at this point, it’s to late for her.

It is tough sending people away to die! I know they would die even if I admit them though.  At home, I would admit them, and try everything.  But then again, I have tests, and ICU, a ventilator, continuous oxygen for days if needed, lab tests whenever and however often I need them, other doctors to help manage them if I’m stumped or want assistance, nurses that follow doctors orders to a T… Pretty much none of that applies here.  So I send them home.  In some ways I feel we go to far in the US, prolonging “life” beyond what was meant to be or called life.  Here we are on the other end of the spectrum.  I think some middle ground might be better.

I go back to the floor, to do dressings that haven’t been done this morning.

 

Liberia #22

Liberia #22

Precious is standing at the nurses station and Bendu walks up.  Bendu says “Doc, der a patient fo ultrasound”.  I’m just finishing rounding on most of the 10 inpatients we have.  And surprising enough they are mostly surgical.  I saw the guy I did the bilateral large hernias on.  The guy who I did a below knee amputation, let me digress and talk about him.

So this man came in with a long standing bone infection and a hole in his leg about mid calf.  The foot was swollen, I opened the joint and pus flowed out.  After many days of dressings, he developed a necrotizing infection that can kill you quickly.  I finally convinced him to let me amputate the leg below the knee.  In the operating room, I asked what saw they had to cut the tibia and fibula (two leg bones).  They had some giant cutters for the smaller bone, and a hack saw for the larger bone.  I did the usual operation of cutting through the muscle with cautery and a scalpel.  Then cut the smaller bone with the cutters, then slowly sawed my way through the tibia with the hacksaw.  It had been autoclaved, but the blue paint on the blade stuck to the cut surface of the bone.  The bone marrow had been replaced by fat- not a great sign.  I used a pitiful appearing rasp to try and get off the blue paint unsuccessfully, but took off all I could.  Eventually I closed it with a drain.  He has been healing well and no sign of infection- in spite of blue paint on his bone!  I am certain that God protects many things we do, especially in these locations where what is best, isn’t available.  Why He doesn’t or can’t intervene in all circumstances- is a question I want to understand some day in Heaven.

So back to rounds.  I saw the old woman with an infected foot, who is slowly improving after debreding off a lot of dead tissue.  I see the burn guy Ernest, that we have been doing daily dressings for my whole time here and slowly is healing most areas.  A young woman with PID (infection of uterus), likely sexually transmitted diseases we don’t have tests for.  I get called downstairs to see a man we did a prostatectomy on.  He wants his urine catheter out.  I go see him, and tell him we cannot take it out for at least a couple more weeks.  He had a catheter placed incorrectly and it all needs to heal over the tube before removal.  He’s not too happy, but will come back on a couple weeks.

I do some ultrasounds.  Most of them are pregnant women who want to know the babies position and sex.  One says she was told she has twins at an outside hospital.  I can only find one 8-month-old fetus.  I look and look and cannot find another.  That is rather disconcerting.  I tell her I do not know why she was told that, but I can only find one child.  Is it my ability to identify the correct findings, or was it the other place?  Either way, I don’t like it!  Another woman has excessive bleeding at her periods.  I find a small fibroid and treat her with medicines to help the bleeding.   Another 18 year old comes in with her mom, to know the sex of the child.

In the evening we hear that there has been an explosion at a rubber plant “in the interior”, meaning anywhere but Monrovia.  And that we will be getting up to 9 patients that have been burned.  Later we hear that this explosion occurred 5 days ago, and that the four most critical went to Firestone hospital (named after the town where Firestone tire company has it’s plant).

I finish what I’m doing and Dr. Seton needs to go the store, so I ask to go along to get some bread, lentils, and drink mix (Fosters).  Just as we are ready to go, the “ambulance” arrives with the 9 guys.  I grab a bunch of blank paper and head down there.  A quick glance, and I observe a group of guys that look tired but not severely ill.  Most have bandages on arms and legs.  One has a cast on a leg, another with his arm in a sling.  At least they don’t appear to be dying in front of me.  So I take my time and go one by one.  Dr. Seton helps when she is free.  Of course, whatever x-rays they have had- they did not bring with the patients.  And as I’ve mentioned before, there is no functional x-ray here.  The reference form for the guy with his arm in a sling- says that he has a posterior dislocation of his shoulder!  For 5 days no one has put it back in it’s socket after a diagnosis?  He will be one of the first I deal with once he gets to the floor.  I question the guy with the cast on his leg.  He says a piece of metal hit his leg.  I think he says that his skin is not broken, but I will have to verify this later by cutting his cast off.  I’ve seen to many open fractures that don’t heal or pus out, for lack of appropriate care.  So will not just take his word.  Besides, I’m not entirely convinced that he said there was no break in the skin, even with the translation of one of the other guys.  Another guy has total hearing loss after the explosion.  He has no visible injuries, and nothing draining from his ears.  We do not have even an otoscope to look in his ears.  Wish I had brought my personal one.  He motions and “reads” lips.  Others have blisters on their arms, where steam burned them.

Later on, we go back and change all the dressings and look at each burned area.  I give the guy in the arm sling a slug of Ketamine and he goes out.  Then with traction and counter-traction, I am able to get his arm back in socket.  It feels a little different than before.  I wait till he is awake later and confirm that he can move it all over, without pain.  Surprised that it went back in so easily after being out of joint for 5 days.  The guy with the cast, I cut in half along either side of his leg.  After taking off the top half, I inspect the lower leg; it is swollen and tender in the lower half.  I move the bone and see a place where it is moving but shouldn’t be.  No break in the skin.  I replace the half I removed and then replace plaster of paris cast material to solidify it again.

During the course of the day we admitted 3 others.  So we went from 10 yesterday to 25 patients today in the hospital.